Here, we use noninvasive samples to genotype 221 sitka blacktailed deer in three watersheds on prince of wales island, alaska, separated by a maximum of 44 km, using traditional and spatial genetic approaches. Effects of joint space use and group membership on contact rates among whitetailed deer. Whitetailed deer are widely distributed in north america and for at least 10,000 years have been important to human beings for food, clothing, and tools. Feasibility of localized management to control white. We used dispersal distances of yearling male whitetailed deer from 2 study areas in pennsylvania, usa, during 2002 and 2003 long et al. Smith bachelor of science, valley city state university, 1997 a thesis submitted to the graduate faculty of the university of north dakota in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science grand forks, north dakota may 2005. Multiple proximate and ultimate causes of natal dispersal in whitetailed deer article pdf available in behavioral ecology 196. Ruiz3, john killefer1, paul shelton4, tom beissel4 and jan novakofski1 1department of animal sciences, university of illinois, 1503 s. To investigate potential occurrence of multiple proximate and ultimate causes of dispersal within populations, we radiomarked 363 juvenile male whitetailed deer odocoileus virginianus in 2 study areas in pennsylvania. Do ungulates facilitate native and exotic plant spread. We analyzed microsatellite genotypes of white tailed deer populations in southern wisconsin and illinois to quantify population level movements, genetic admixture and genderbiased dispersal patterns. Whether youre a hunter or just like to watch deer this charismatic animal is part and parcel to the culture of texas. Furthermore, we characterize seasonal movements and dispersal within female deer.
Natal dispersal probability and distance were monitored over a 3year period when largescale management changes reduced. Utilizing disease surveillance to examine gene flow and. Adult females did not disperse in our study, consistent with the findings of nixon et al. Modeling distribution of dispersal distances in male whitetailed. The ninth wildlife damage management conference proceedings. Influence of roads, rivers, and mountains on natal dispersal of white. The relationship among population demographics, social pressures. Deer dispersal study offers cwd insight outdoornews. Mortality of adult male whitetailed deer in south texas.
Survival and movements of translocated deer foley et al. Survival and movements of translocated whitetailed deer. This is the first comprehensive study of seed dispersal by whitetailed deer, despite a vast body of research on other aspects of their ecology. Direction of dispersal by 10 yearlings 7 males, 3 females was nonuniform in distribution and averaged 95. Journal of applied ecology utilizing disease surveillance to. Survival and dispersal of whitetailed deer in the agricultural landscape of eastcentral illinois charles w. Survival and movements of translocated whitetailed deer in. In a recent study published in aob plants, flaherty et al. Southeast minnesota deer movement study minnesota dnr. Impact of predation, winter weather, and habitat on whitetailed deer fawn recruitment in wisconsin study timeline.
Chronic wasting disease is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cervids, similar to sheep scrapie that has only recently been detected in wild populations of whitetailed deer odocoileus virginianus and mule deer odocoileus hemionus hemionus in western canada. Pdf although male and female odocoileus virginianus whitetailed deer. White tailed deer from the tropics and the florida keys are markedly smallerbodied than temperate populations, averaging 35 to 50 kg 77 to 110 lb, with an occasional adult female as small as 25 kg 55 lb. Find out more about whitetail deer behavior, life cycle, and population changes in the usa. Longterm continuity of forest cover in eastern north america may be threatened in part by whitetailed deer odocoileus virginianus, but effectively managing that threat requires greater understanding of the multiscale nature of deer browsing pressure and other forces affecting forest regeneration. Relatively little is known about local transmission dynamics of the disease or the potential for longdistance spread. Aptly named for the characteristic large white underside of its tail when raised, the whitetailed deer odocoileus virginianus is one of the most iconic big game species in north america and certainly in texas. Understanding the dispersal of wetland plants is important to the conservation of species in patchy or isolated wetland environments. Fall dispersal movement yearling male whitetailed deer.
The relationship among population demographics, social pressures, and dispersal ecology is not clear and warrants scientific evaluation. Kilgo, usda forest service, southern research station, p. Quantifying white tailed deer movement and population structure in infected areas can facilitate predictions of cwd spread via deer dispersal. Landscape genetics and cwd in whitetailed deer ideals. We monitored dispersal behavior of female whitetailed deer in 4 study areas in pennsylvania delineated. Hunters and the conservation and management of white. Mammalian dispersal is typically male biased to avoid inbreeding greenwood 1980 and dispersal is most prevalent among yearling bucks in white tailed deer odocoileus virginianus, marchinton and hirth 1984. A total of 47 whitetailed deer 23 males and 24 females, of which 5 and 2 were juveniles, respectively tested positive for cwd fig. Survival and dispersal of white tailed deer in the agricultural landscape of eastcentral illinois c. To investigate how ecological settings influence dispersal in white tailed deer odocoileus virginianus, we captured and radiocollared 409 juvenile male deer from 2 study areas in wisconsin, usa. Contact rates among whitetailed deer in eastcentral illinois 14 job 1.
Sep 14, 2010 dispersal contributes to the spread of wildlife diseases. Dispersal and harvest of whitetailed deer in eastcentral illinois 23 job 2. Multiple proximate and ultimate causes of natal dispersal in white tailed deer article pdf available in behavioral ecology 196. Mammalian dispersal is typically male biased to avoid inbreeding greenwood 1980 and dispersal is most prevalent among yearling bucks in whitetailed deer odocoileus virginianus, marchinton and hirth 1984. Annual report 2011 2012 wisconsin department of natural. Deer dispersal research and chronic wasting disease penn. Sexual competition and aggression by adult females have been hypothesized to prompt dispersal by male whitetailed deer odocoileus virginianus. Although differences in dispersal distances among taxa have been reported, few studies have described plasticity of dispersal distance among populations of a single species. Click for more information about deer in new jersey. Dispersal patterns of male whitetailed deer in centre county, pa. The detection of chronic wasting disease in wild white tailed deer in 2016 created a need for the dnr to understand the ways the disease may spread across the landscape through natural movements of deer.
June 22 to april 18 range from the earliest date a doe was bred by a buck june 22 to the latest date april 18 in a study of more than 300 hunterharvested does examined by the florida fish. Market hunting and habitat changes in the1800s caused a precipitous decline in thenumber of whitetailed deer in north america. Ourresultssuggestwhitetaileddeercan be important seed dispersal vectors of this invasive shrub, but this importance likely depends on invader abundance and landscape connectivity, among other factors. We used radiotelemetry to monitor 22 yearling deer on 1 study site from october 1998 to. Each vhf collar was equipped with a fourhour movement sensor to determine if a deer was active. Ultimate causes for dispersal behavior in female whitetailed deer remain poorly understood. Dispersal contributes to the spread of wildlife diseases. A total of 47 white tailed deer 23 males and 24 females, of which 5 and 2 were juveniles, respectively tested positive for cwd fig. Multiple proximate and ultimate causes of natal dispersal in. Department of environmental science and studies, juniata college, 1700 moore. Whitetails belong to the cervidae family, which in north america includes the elk. Feasibility of localized management to control whitetailed.
Although differences in dispersal distances among taxa have been reported, few studies have described plasticity of dispersal distance among. Population density influences dispersal in female white. Wetland seed dispersal by whitetailed deer botany one. In whitetailed deer in the midwest, males have a higher probability of becoming infected than do females, and disease prevalence increases with age, more so for males than females grear et al. May 09, 2014 the study results strongly suggest that deer actively avoid hogs, so hogs can essentially exclude deer from food sources with their presence. However, high rates of male dispersal 4675%long et al. Finescale social and spatial genetic structure in sitka. Social affiliation and contact patterns among whitetailed.
Behavior and dispersal of white tailed deer during the breeding season christopher s. We investigated the potential for whitetailed deer odocoileus virginianus zimm. Directional longdistance movements by whitetailed deer. Behavior, dispersal, and survival of male whitetailed. The potential role of whitetailed deer in the dispersal of.
Dispersal in white tailed deer is hypothesized to be caused by multiple ultimate and proximate in. Evaluating survival and causespecific mortality in adult. This is the first comprehensive study of seed dispersal by white tailed deer, despite a vast body of research on other aspects of their ecology. Indeed, dispersal behavior is most prevalent among 1yearold males marchinton and hirth 1984 and has been documented to occur in 4675% of young male whitetailed deer long et al. Between 2001 and 2005, when duane diefenbach was studying the dispersal of young white tailed deer, he had no idea the research would prove useful in trying to contain an outbreak of chronic wasting disease cwd in the keystone state. Modelling whitetailed deer impacts on forest regeneration. Multiple proximate and ultimate causes of natal dispersal. Ab winter program deer used both tooth information and body morphometrics. Dispersal in whitetailed deer is hypothesized to be caused by multiple ultimate and proximate in.
To investigate potential occurrence of multiple proximate and ultimate causes of dispersal within populations, we radiomarked 363 juvenile male white tailed deer odocoileus virginianus in 2 study areas in pennsylvania. Sociospatial dynamics of whitetailed deer in the central adirondack mountains, new york. Landscape influences on dispersal of whitetailed deer and. Evaluating survival and causespecific mortality in adult and. Dispersal in whitetailed deer is hypothesized to be caused by multiple ultimate. Predator species of whitetailed deer, likely mostly of. Proximate influences on female dispersal in whitetailed deer. This beautiful stem video brings to life core ideas from the next generation science standards. Between 2001 and 2005, when duane diefenbach was studying the dispersal of young whitetailed deer, he had no idea the research would prove useful in trying to contain an outbreak of chronic wasting disease in the keystone state. Dec, 2010 the relationship among population demographics, social pressures, and dispersal ecology is not clear and warrants scientific evaluation.
Behavior and dispersal of whitetailed deer during the. Pdf investigation of adult male whitetailed deer excursions. To investigate how ecological settings influence dispersal in whitetailed deer odocoileus virginianus, we captured and radiocollared 409 juvenile male deer from 2 study areas in wisconsin, usa. However, the effect that high deer densities have on transmission of diseases in freeranging whitetailed deer in wisconsin is unknown. Jan 22, 2004 we investigated the potential for white tailed deer odocoileus virginianus zimm. Illinois countiesin which northernno,west centralwc. Our objectives were to describe traits of dispersal among female whitetailed deer and identify in. Endozoochorous seed dispersal by white tailed deer in eastern north america may playa considerable role in invasive plant spread. We report seasonal homerange and corearea size and site fidelity among 3 age classes of female white tailed deer. Endozoochorous seed dispersal by whitetailed deer in eastern north america may playa considerable role in invasive plant spread.
May1994 nixonetalbehavior, dispersal,andsurvivalofmalewhitetaileddeer figure 1. Whitetails belong to the cervidae family, which in north america includes the elk, moose, caribou and mule deer. We studied dispersal behavior in female whitetailed deer in pennsylvania to examine proximate in. Although females are more philopatric than males, dispersal occurs in 449% of female whitetailed deer table 1. Dispersal movements are predominantly made by juvenile 1. Centroids of wildlife management unitzones were used for point locations where necessary. White tailed deer from the andes are larger than other tropical deer of this species, and have thick, slightly woolly looking fur. Journal of applied ecology utilizing disease surveillance. Land use and dispersal influence mortality in whitetailed. Quantifying whitetailed deer movement and population structure in infected areas can facilitate predictions of cwd spread via deer dispersal. We isolated the effects of whitetailed deer on the regeneration of ten ecologically and. Wattresearch scientist, wisconsin department of natural. Behavior, dispersal, and survival of male whitetailed deer. We observed behavioral interactions of 21 yearling males 14 dispersers and 7 nondispersers at chesapeake farms during the early part of the breeding season prior to actual breeding.
In 20022003, we radiomarked 308 juvenile 7 to 10monthold, male white tailed deer odocoileus virginianus in 2 study areas in pennsylvania. Dispersal of yearling male whitetailed deer can have profound effects on population demographics, and adversely impact population estimates and management objectives. We studied dispersal movements of juvenile male white tailed deer on 2 study areas in pennsylvania, usa. In white tailed deer in the midwest, males have a higher probability of becoming infected than do females, and disease prevalence increases with age, more so for males than females grear et al. Warnell school of forest resources, university of georgia, athens, ga 30602, usa john c. New jersey s liberal seasons and bag limits allow hunters numerous days of outdoor recreation. The white tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus, was so named because the underside of its tail is covered with white hair, and when it runs it often holds its tail erect so that the white undersurface is visible. Biology and management of whitetailed deer nevada agricultural. Our findings show that samples collected for disease surveillance are useful for measuring gene flow and inferring dispersal in white. Our results suggest whitetailed deer can be 87 important seed dispersal vectors of this invasive shrub, but this importance likely depends on 88 invader abundance and landscape connectivity, among other factors. The spatial extent of sitka blacktailed deer odocoileus hemionus sitkensis populations below the regional scale is relatively unknown, as is dispersal between populations.
In wisconsin, deer are the favorite type of wildlife among hunters and nonhunters and are considered a. Mateuspinilla1,2, marlis douglas2, michael douglas2, william brown3, marilyn o. Pdf endozoochory by whitetailed deer odocoileus virginianus. In this case, the yearling buck was harvested 1 month after dispersal. Compares the sociospatial behavior among and within kin groups of white. It has also been introduced to new zealand, cuba, jamaica, hispaniola, the bahamas, the lesser antilles, and some countries in europe, such as the czech republic, finland. Whitetailed deer odocoileus virginianus are the most widespread and abundant cervid in north america, occurring in all contiguous united states except utah demarais et al. Modeling distribution of dispersal distances in male white. Therefore, knowledge of wildlife movement patterns can enhance the efficacy of disease control programmes. Effect of population demographics and social pressures on. Deer in both study areas were nonmigratory, and peak periods of natal dispersal were during mayjune and octobernovember long 2005, long et al. Chronic wasting disease cwd is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy tse that infects members of the cervidae including elk cervus elaphus, linnaeus, 1758, moose alces alces, linnaeus, 1758, mule deer odocoileus hemionus hemionus, rafinesque, 1817 and white tailed deer odocoileus virginianus, zimmermann, 1780 williams and young 1980, 1982. Forest cover influences dispersal distance of whitetailed deer.
The whitetailed deer, odocoileus virginianus, was so named because the underside of its tail is covered with white hair, and when it runs it often holds its tail erect so that the white undersurface is visible. Methods study areas whitetailed deer foraging and seed dispersal data. Deer were captured either as fawns at 12 weeks of age or 410 months of age and monitored until after the dispersal period 18. Whitetailed deer typically disperse 812 kilometers but movements 200 kilometers have been reported kernohan et. The study results strongly suggest that deer actively avoid hogs, so hogs can essentially exclude deer from food sources with their presence. Southeast minnesota deer movement study contractors used helicopters and nets to capture and collar deer in southeast minnesota. Sexual competition and aggression by adult females have been hypothesized to prompt dispersal by male white tailed deer odocoileus virginianus. Broad and finescale genetic analysis of whitetailed deer. Feb 15, 2015 effects of joint space use and group membership on contact rates among whitetailed deer. May1994 nixonetalbehavior,dispersal,andsurvivalofmalewhitetaileddeer figure 1. Estimating survival and causespecific mortality of adult male whitetailed deer in wisconsin study timeline. Behavior and dispersal of whitetailed deer during the breeding season christopher s. The division of fish and wildlife encourages hunters to get out and enjoy this time of year, and to be our partner in keeping whitetailed deer an asset among our wildlife resources.
Influence of roads, rivers, and mountains on natal dispersal. Population ecology of whitetailed deer in the drift prairiecoteau of north dakota by jason r. The whitetailed deer odocoileus virginianus, also known as the whitetail or virginia deer, is a mediumsized deer native to north america, central america, ecuador, and south america as far south as peru and bolivia. Diseases circulating in deer also are unknown and disease transmission in high density deer herds could impact population dynamics. We analyzed microsatellite genotypes of whitetailed deer populations in southern wisconsin and illinois to quantify population level movements, genetic admixture and genderbiased dispersal patterns. Seed dispersal of an invasive shrub, amur honeysuckle. Ruiz3, john killefer1, paul shelton4, tom beissel4 and jan novakofski1. Livecapture and smallscale relocation of urban deer on hilton head island, south carolina.
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